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22- AND DO NOT MARRY THE WOMEN YOUR FATHERS MARRIED BEFOREHAND, EXCEPT THOSE MARRIED BEFORE THIS COMMAND, FOR IT WAS A SHAMEFUL ACT, ALLAH HATES, AND A BAD CUSTOM.

23- IT IS PROHIBITED FOR YOU TO MARRY YOUR MOTHERS, YOUR DAUGHTERS, YOUR FATHER’S SISTERS, AND YOUR MOTHER’S SISTERS, YOUR BROTHER’S DAUGHTERS, YOUR SISTER’S DAUGHTERS, YOUR MOTHERS WHO BREAST FED YOU, AND YOUR MILK SISTERS, YOUR WIFE’S MOTHERS, YOUR WIFE’S DAUGHTERS WHO ARE UNDER YOUR GUARDIANSHIP FROM YOU WITH WHOM THE MARRIAGE HAS BEEN CONSUMMATED, IF YOU DID NOT CONSUMMATE THE MARRIAGE WITH THEM, THEN THERE IS NO PROHIBITION FOR YOU, THE WIVES OF YOUR BEGOTTEN SONS, AND TO BE MARRIED TO TWO SISTERS AT THE SAME TIME, EXCEPT WHAT HAPPENED BEFORE THIS COMMAND, FOR ALLAH IS MOST FORGIVING AND MOST MERCIFUL.

…………………End of Fourth Part………………………

24- AND THE MARRIED WOMEN EXCEPT THOSE YOUR RIGHT HANDS POSSESS.  THIS IS WHAT ALLAH ORDAINED UPON YOU, AND YOU HAVE BEEN PERMITTED ALL OTHERS, TO SEEK WITH YOUR WEALTH, DESIRING MODESTY NOT FORNICATION, AND FOR THE BENEFITS YOU DERIVE FROM THEM, GIVE THEM THEIR DOWERS FOR IT IS A DUTY, AND THERE IS NO BLAME UPON YOU CONCERNING WHAT YOU AGREE UPON AFTER FULFILLING THE DUTY, FOR ALLAH IS ALL KNOWING AND ALL WISE.

This is a list of the prohibitions for men: 

1-    A Muslim man can not marry a woman who was once married to his father, whether this marriage ended through divorce or death.  An Exemption is those who were married to such women before this Ayah was sent down.

Marrying the father’s widow was done before Islam.  Father’s wife is often seen a mother figure.  Marrying father’s divorcee can lead to a great deal of animosity between father and son.  This prohibition was enforced by faith, social norms, as well as force when necessary.  A Muslim man met his uncle with a group of Muslims under a flag.  When he asked his as to where they were heading, he said: “Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him sent me to a man who married his father’s previous wife, commanding me to kill him and take his property”.  (Da:Nekah;43 &  Ahmed)

2-    The Mother.

3-    The Daughters.

4-    The Sisters.

5-    Father’s Sisters.

6-    Mother’s Sisters.

7-    Brother’s Daughters.

8-    Sister’s Daughters.

9-    Mild Mother.

Who breast fed an infant.  The scholars consider the minimum amount necessary for the prohibition to be three full feeds.  The infant should also be under 2 years of age, and before being weaned, otherwise it does not count.

Muslim women should not rush into breast feeding others infants unless it is absolutely necessary, to save their children marrying a milk brother or sister.  Also to safe your people the heartache of finding that they can not marry some one they love because of being mild brother or sister.

10-The step daughter of the wife one is married to, provided the marriage with the mother was consummated.  If such marriage ended before being consummated, there is no prohibition.

11- The wives of the sons.

12-To marry two sisters at the same time.  It is also forbidden to marry a woman and her father’s sister or Mother’s sister at the same time. 
“Abu Huraira said that Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him has forbidden for a woman to be married to the same man as her father’s sister or mother’s sister”.   (T:Nekah;30 & D:Nekah;12)

13- To marry a woman who is already married, for women are allowed one husband at any one time.

In early times, women captured at the time of war if not ransomed by their family, they become concubines to the men who captured them.  They would wait for one menstrual cycle to make sure that they are not pregnant before having intercourse with them.  If they were pregnant, they wait they give birth.  Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “He who believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him not let his water waters another man’s child”.  (T:Nekah;34 & D:Nekah,44 & A:4;108,109)

The Dowry is a prescribed duty upon the man to pay his wife.  It is her right and personal property.  It should be happily agreed upon between the man and wife, and should be paid in full.  What is not paid of the Dowry at the time of the marriage is a debt on the husband for his wife.  It is treated as debt in case of death of the husband, when it should come out of his estate before the state is divided.  If the marriage ends with divorce, it is a debt which should be paid to the divorced woman. Men should note that they should treat the remainder of the dowry as debt which they should pay their wives in full once they can, and not to leave it to come out of their estate when they die.

There was a kind of Marriage practices before Islam and continued early on in Islam when it was prohibited.  It was called “Nekah Al-Motaa” or “the marriage of enjoyment”.

In that marriage a man and a woman agree to marry to a period of time, for which she get a dowry and any children she conceives will be his.  It used to be practiced by travelling on trade for example, for which they will stay for a month or two in a town.  There are Hadith which prohibit this kind of marriage dating to the time of the Opening of Khyber at the beginning of the seventh year of Hejra (Migration)

Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him repeated telling people about the prohibition after taking Makah, as a great number of Muslims gathered then. This is reported in many Hadith, in one of them, Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “O people, I permitted you the marriage of enjoyment, now Allah has forbidden it to the Day or Resurrection.  He who has one of them (wives), let her go and do not take any thing of what you have given her”.  (M:Nekah;21)

Also Hadith in (B:Nekah;31 & M:Nekah;18-28 & T:Nekah;28 & N:Nekah;71 & Ma:Nekah;44 & Da:Nekah;16 & Mal:Nekah;41 & A:1;79 3;404,405)

The prohibition of the Marriage of Enjoyment happened 4 and 2 years before Allah’s messenger’s death.  During this time other things were prohibited too such as Usury, Gambling and taking Intoxicants.

At the end of Ayah 24, Allah the Highest reminds us that He know every thing we do, even what goes on in our minds.  In the mean time Allah the Highest reminds us of His Wisdom.  These prohibitions are for  good reasons, and there is a great Wisdom behind it, even if it is not all clear to us at present.

B: Bukhari    M: Muslim     Mal: Malek    A: Ahmed   D: Abu Dawood     

Da: Daremy       Ma: Ibn Magah            N: Nesae          T: Termezi